分享看法速递:国际贸易术语解释通则2000,国际贸易术语解释通则2020版

EXW（指定交货地点）Incoterms®2020：工厂交货

EXW即Ex Works的缩写，是指卖方在指定地点交货给买方，该地点是指定的任意地点，可以不是卖方的工厂。卖方只要将货物在指定地点交货后就完成了交货义务，无需将货物装运上运输工具。

通知：卖方通知买方提货；当买方有权决定在约定交货期限内的时间及指定地点的提货点时，买方需充分通知卖方提货。

风险：货损风险自交货时转移至买方；当货物确定划分为合同项下货物，货物风险自约定的交货日期起或者交货期限届满之时起转移至买方。

运输：卖方无义务订立运输合同，买方负责自费签订运输合同或安排运输。

出口/进口清关：买方出资并办理进、出口清关手续，卖方协助买方。

费用：卖方承担交货前所有费用；买方承担交货后所有费用并支付卖方协助买方所产生的所有费用、关税等清关费用。

关注点：

1. 精准的交货点：精准的交货点有助于清楚货物交付的时间和风险转移至买方的时间，也是费用划分的地点。如果双方没有指定交货点，则由卖方选择“最适合卖方目的“的交货点，这对买方来讲存在诸如风险转移等风险。所以对买方来说，最好选择精准的交货点。

2. 装载风险：卖方将货物交付至指定地点即完成了交付义务，但装载一般由卖方进行，而自装载开始发生的货物灭失或损坏的风险是由没有实际参与装载的买方承担。所以对买方来讲，最好在合同中约定哪方承担装载的货损风险。

3. 出口清关：买方负责出口清关，则需要买方到卖方所在国办理清关手续，无疑给买方带来很多的工作和困难。所以EXW更适合不需出口的国内贸易。

4. 因EXW是卖方义务最少、买方义务最多的贸易术语，所以对卖方更有利而对买方更不利，作为买方则应多加考虑是否采用此术语。

EXW(named place of delivery) Incoterms®2020: Delivery at factory

EXW is the short term of Ex Works. It means that the seller delivers the goods to the buyer at a named place where may not be the seller’s premises but any named place. The seller performs his obligation when delivers the goods at named place, does not need to load the goods on vehicle.

Notices: The seller must give the buyer any notice to the buyer to take delivery of the goods; the buyer must, whenever it is agreed that the buyer is entitled to determine the time within an agreed period or the point of taking delivery within the named place, give the seller sufficient notice.

Risk: The risk of loss of goods is transferred to the buyer until delivery; the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the agreed date or the end of the agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods.

Carriage: The seller has no obligation to make a contract of carriage, the buyer makes contract of carriage at its own cost.

Export/ import clearance: The buyer carries out and pays for all export and import clearance, the seller assists the buyer.

Cost: The seller must pay all costs until the goods have been delivered; the buyer pays all the costs from the time the goods have been delivered and incurred by the seller in providing assistance and taxes and fees for custom clearance.

Key points:

1. Precise point of delivery: A precise point of delivery makes it clear when the goods are delivered, when risk transfers to the buyer and allocation of costs. If the parties do not name the point of delivery, it left to the seller to select the point “that best suits its purpose”. The buyer faces risks like risk transference. It is the best for the buyer to choose precise point of delivery.

2. Loading risks: The seller performs the obligation of delivery until the goods are delivered to the named place of delivery. In general, the seller loads the goods, but the buyer bears the risk of loss of or damage to the goods occurring while the loading operation is carried out who has not physically participated in the loading. To the buyer, it is best to agree in the contract who bears the risk of loss during the loading.

3. Export clearance: Because the buyer is obligated to organize export clearance, the buyer organizes export clearance in the country of the seller which brings lots of work and difficulties. Indeed, EXW may be suitable for domestic trades.

4. EXW requires the least obligation of the seller and the most obligation of the buyer which favors the seller than the buyer. So the buyer needs more concern to decide whether adopt the rule.

研究生学历，上海市浦东新区律师青年联合会第三届委员会委员，中级职称。十多年法律工作，资金过亿企业法律顾问，公司运作、劳动纠纷、合同、婚姻、房地产诉讼及非诉讼有丰富的经验；曾就职于检察院担任公诉人5年。